Einstein thought that the laws of classical mechanics could no longer be reconciled with those of the electromagnetic field, which led him to develop his special theory of relativity. These outlined the theory of the photoelectric effect, explained Brownian motion, introduced special relativity, and demonstrated mass–energy equivalence. In 1905, a year sometimes described as his annus mirabilis ('miracle year'), Einstein published four groundbreaking papers. Einsteinium, one of the synthetic elements in the periodic table, was named in his honor. His intellectual achievements and originality resulted in "Einstein" becoming synonymous with "genius".
He received the 1921 Nobel Prize in Physics "for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect", a pivotal step in the development of quantum theory. His work is also known for its influence on the philosophy of science. His mass–energy equivalence formula E = mc 2, which arises from relativity theory, has been dubbed "the world's most famous equation". Relativity and quantum mechanics are the two pillars of modern physics. Einstein is best known for developing the theory of relativity, but he also made important contributions to the development of the theory of quantum mechanics.
Albert Einstein ( / ˈ aɪ n s t aɪ n/ EYEN-styne German: ( listen) 14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist, widely acknowledged to be one of the greatest and most influential physicists of all time.
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